2021 was not filled with many positive stories about Turkish-European Union relations. At the end of 2020, in a report published The Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA), we assessed the conclusion of cautious optimism for 2021. While the side of caution prevails, the optimism has been delayed for yet another year.

Turkey takes precautions against excessive prices and stockpiling, rising inflation remains a global problem.

The Gulf states undertook huge transformations in their foreign policy in 2021.

Greece has been arming itself aggressively in recent years, attempting to add F-35 fighter jets to its inventory of Rafale fighters, Belharra frigates and corvettes. In 2021, Athens spent 2.5 billion euros ($2.8 billion) on military equipment, quintupling its spending compared to the previous year. By next year, the Greeks will increase their military budget sevenfold anew.

With Turkey's foreign policy, President Erdoğan aims to protect and foster the country's international and regional interests

Ankara's sole aim on the continent is to mobilize countries to expand their strategic partnership based on a win-win principle

Through cooperation based on mutual trust and shared strategies, Turkey and Africa are taking firm steps forward in bilateral relations

While it may be too early to make a precise prediction for the future, the prospect of normalization is promising and vital for the region. Eyes are now on the Armenian prime minister