Uzbekistan’s New Constitution, Civil Servants, and Social Protection
Uzbekistan has recently held a referendum on adopting a new version of its constitution by nationwide voting. This important political event attracted millions of Uzbek citizens, resulting in the participation of 84.51 percent of the population with voting rights.
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Uzbekistan has recently held a referendum on adopting a new version of its constitution by nationwide voting. This important political event attracted millions of Uzbek citizens, resulting in the participation of 84.51 percent of the population with voting rights.
According to official data released by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the new version of the constitution was supported by 90.21% of votes.
Both local and international observers oversaw the entire process. A total of 383 international observers, 184 individuals from international organizations and 199 international observers from 45 countries, directly observed the preparation and holding of the referendum. They expressed their opinions about the activeness of the population, the organization of the entire process and, very importantly, the new constitution of Uzbekistan.
Some of the grounds for updating the constitution are presented below. First, the constitutional reforms underway in the country are significant in that the aim to enshrine the principle of "person-society-state" as a constitutional norm. This is an important principle considering the overall change in the accountability of state bodies vis-à -vis the population. The principle’s implementation should serve to change the long-time paradigm. One of the core principles of the new constitution is that "public bodies should serve the people; the people should not serve the public bodies."
Second, one of the main goals of the constitutional reforms is ensuring their irreversibility. Building a people-friendly state, and ensuring human rights, interests, and dignity, require creating a new constitutional and legal space to guarantee further reforms in the country.
One should note that almost all previous amendments and additions to the constitution were primarily related to public administration and administrative reforms. At the same time, more than half of the principles included in the new constitution aim to strengthen the guarantees and mechanisms for protecting human rights and freedoms.
If we touch on the most important of them, the concept of the social state is being introduced in the newly revised constitution. This state model aims at the fair distribution of material wealth per the principles of social justice to achieve decent living standards for every citizen, reduce social inequalities, and help people in need. To implement this concept, Uzbekistan has already launched several important initiatives which need further constitutional guarantees. For example, poverty reduction was defined as the state policy with the highest priority, the payment of the full pension amount to all working pensioners was resumed, and the activity of "monocenters" was established. Additionally, the systems of "Iron Register," "Women's Register," and "Youth Register" were implemented to create a list of the most vulnerable people and organize social protection more systematically.
Moreover, the number of higher education institutions has more than doubled. As such, within the last six years, the enrolment rate for higher education increased from 9 to 40 percent. Private medical institutions have increased from 3,800 to 6,500.
In this regard, the newly revised constitution includes several articles based on social justice and solidarity.
For example, rights such as pension amount, allowances, and other types of social assistance defined by the law cannot exceed the officially designated minimum consumption expenditures. No one can be deprived of housing without a court decision.
In addition, the Basic Law stipulates that the state should create conditions for the full use of social, economic, and cultural facilities and services for persons with disabilities, assist them in their employment and education, and provide them with the opportunity to obtain the necessary information without hindrance.
Also, introducing norms to strengthen the guarantees of the labor rights of citizens is vital to ensuring that citizens' wages reflect their labor, and to raising the population's living standards and providing the principle of social justice in the country.
Very importantly, from now on, it will be forbidden to refuse employment to women, fire them, and reduce their wages due to pregnancy or parenthood. Prohibiting the labor discrimination of women in our Basic Law is a prerequisite for making changes and additions to the relevant laws aimed at implementing the new constitution.
Enshrining the prohibition of forced labor at the level of the constitution serves as a legal basis for improving the working conditions of all workers and, most importantly, makes it possible to legalize informal labor relations. After all, many citizens working in informal labor relations are forced to work in conditions of exploitation with no paid time off. In this respect, the constitutional amendments should improve Uzbekistan’s image and position in international rankings.
The Basic Law will also contain the dictates for ensuring access to education, healthcare, and culture. Uzbek citizens' right to receive the guaranteed amount of medical care at the state's expense is being strengthened. This is an essential development as the state supports the guaranteed free medical care coverage of its citizens, regardless of their financial status. In this way, the state does not stop caring for the population's health, especially of those experiencing financial hardship.
A separate article on the status and place of the teacher in society is being introduced. This will create an opportunity to strengthen the social position of more than 685,000 pedagogues working in the country, strengthen their state support and ensure their professional growth.
Overall, we believe changes to the new Constitution of Uzbekistan should further support the social well-being of persons and increase the accountability of state bodies.
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