The State of Savagery: ISIS in Syria

This book discusses ISIS within the context of violent non-state actors (VNSA); analyzes historical, ideological and operational roots and features of the group in Syria; and positions ISIS within the matrix of the conflicting parties in Syria.

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The State of Savagery ISIS in Syria
Turkey s ISIS Problem

Turkey’s ISIS Problem

The attack on Istanbul’s Ataturk airport in June 2016 indicates that the ISIS threat to Turkey is transforming from a sole criminal issue to a long-term strategic concern.

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Taking in consideration the geographical position of Turkey and the number of refugees that reside in Turkey, security faces many difficulties, but this does not undermine the hard work of the government.

The political and economic foundations of New Turkey are not crumbling; in fact they have proved resilient and continue to withstand multiple challenges. The social fabric proved resistant against divisive political rhetoric and provocative calls for mass revolts against the public order.

Anti-democratic, authoritarian pro-Western regimes hindered political participation and representation to create a hospitable environment for radical organizations.

The difficulty with dealing with ISIS is also partly because of its demographics which has a lot to do with the use of multiple strategies.

What is next for ISIS and Maliki?

It will again depend on the Maliki administration to turn this situation to its advantage. Changing track and following a more inclusive policy and an attempt to win hearts and minds of people in Iraq will be his best chance to stay in power.

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What is next for ISIS and Maliki
ISIS and the Geopolitics of Iraqi Oil

ISIS and the Geopolitics of Iraqi Oil

No need to say that this will create a substantial additional bill for energy-dependent countries like Turkey, and multi-pronged strategies shall be prepared beforehand to ensure energy security.

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How has ISIS, coming to the fore in Iraq and Syria, emerged? How has the basic philosophy of the organization been shaped and who are the leaders of this organization?

Surely, questions about the war in Iraq will never end. We will see more accusations and reporting on this war in the coming years and decades.

A political solution in Syria will only come about once either side stops believing that it can win this war. In other words, any political solution will need to be preceded by a military victory for either side.

Obama and his team understood that public opinion has been heavily affected by "war fatigue" after two lengthy wars in the Middle East and avoiding any more conflict in the region has become priority.

Unlike in the aftermath of World War I, none but the Middle East's own children are to blame for the turmoil that the region experiences today.

How has the rebellion against the Maliki administration in Iraq started? Who are the Sunni groups other than ISIS fighting in the field? What is the ultimate goal of these groups?

We will see in the coming days if these operations in Iraq are some face saving measures for the Obama administration or a real attempt by the U.S. administration to start fulfilling its great power responsibilities.

However, in order to marginalize ISIS in its countries of operation a more comprehensive policy that would diminish its power and influence in Syria simultaneously with Iraq is needed.

The U.S. is seriously considering taking action against ISIS now even though the chaos in Syria and Iraq could have been avoided if the U.S. had taken action in the first place.

First of all, it is not clear how ISIS will be destroyed and what the projected timeframe for this operation will be.

First and foremost, the Abadi government will have to accumulate enough power to discourage Sunni tribes from joining ISIS fighters. The main question remains: what will happen once ISIS is defeated?

Ending sectarian politics and establishing a new inclusive government in Baghdad is essential to diminishing the continuing support for the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), foreign policy expert Mehmet Özkan stresses.

Forty-nine hostages were rescued from ISIS after a successful operation. Considering the delicacy of the situation, the supervision and conduct of this operation appear worthy of commendation.