Last week, there were an increasing number of reports in U.S. media regarding Russian military activity in Syria. According to these reports, U.S. intelligence captured evidence about the increasing number of military personnel and actions by Russia in regime-controlled areas in Syria.

Turkey has approached both the Syrian civil war and the ISIS matter with its own national priorities and timing. The policy of the Obama administration paved the way for the PYD until recently. A PYD circle was nearly formed in northern Syria.

The arrival of U.S. F-16s in Turkey has been called a “game changer” not only in the fight against ISIS but also in reshaping the Middle East, Syria and Iraq in particular.

Here is a political hyperreality: Turkey, while fighting against all terrorist groups in the region, is somehow being portrayed to the world as if it is ignoring the threat.

The fight against ISIS necessitates an agreement between Turkey and the international coalition to counteract ISIS and protect the countries bordering ISIS-controlled areas.

The shocking aspect of the wave of terrorist violence that struck Turkey this week was that it originated from the radical-Islamist ISIS and secular-Kurdish nationalist PKK at the same time.

Relations between Turkey and Russia have constantly been underemphasized and understudied since the end of the Cold War. Despite vibrant economic relations between the two countries and an increasing degree of social and cultural rapport via the constant movement of goods and services along the borders, the nature of relations between the two countries has not been very well discussed in academic and policy circles.

The U.S. has failed to display a consistent stance on several regional issues in the Middle East including the Syrian crisis. Because of these failures many foreign capitals have begun to question the U.S.'s reliability as a diplomatic ally.

The situation of Uighurs in China shows that what Assad did in Syria does not stay in Syria. Methods of repression spread and embolden other regimes. If this is not be stopped it will become a model for other oppressive governments around the world

This book provides a synopsis of the past four years of U.S. policy in Syria. It brings together the major turning points of this policy since the beginning of the Arab Spring.

U.S. foreign policy failed to come up with a policy that would pressure Iran to play a more responsible role in Yemen. As a result of this inaction, other countries in the surrounding region became involved in the situation militarily.

The conflict in Syria entered its fourth year last week, and in terms of casualties and displaced people, it has brought one of the most tragic outcomes in recent history.

The Syrian war is no longer a regional problem, it has transformed into a major global issue.