Despite the Sochi memorandum between Turkey and Russia, a big humanitarian disaster is increasing in Idlib. The Russia-backed Assad regime has captured an important part of the Idlib de-escalation zone, took control over the strategic M5 highway and forced almost 1 million people to flee from their homes during the cold winter. On the other side, Turkey has reinforced the Idlib region with massive military deployments and gave the Assad regime an ultimatum to withdraw back to the Sochi line until the end of February. Note: Our panel will be held in English and Turkish, simultaneous translation will be provided.