The business elite in TÜSİAD circles never saw the AK Party governments as a natural partner with whom they could forge a long-term and strategic developmental alliance.

This is not about to listen to, or understand, what Davutoğlu says. This is about defining and positioning a speculative “other”, the AK Party.

In democratic regimes, how do political parties and leaders with prolonged tenures shelter themselves from the devastating effects of governing?

Turkey has to operationalize the structural transformation package in a similar way to mobilize unused or misused national capacities for economic growth and wider development.

Having successfully overcome internal and external crises in its first decade in power, the AK Party must now prepare for coming challenges while keeping its legacy in mind.

For emerging powers such as Turkey, the prospect of overcoming the "middle-income trap" is dependent upon developing a robust national base for research and development, innovation and technology transfer.

Turkey could be very active in pushing for a better deal from the IMF and the World Trade Organization (WTO) for developing countries in the context of crisis prevention strategies and the advancement of the Doha Development Agenda.

The “New Turkey” project that is at the center of Erdoğan’s reform is comprised of three factors: independence, democracy and development.